这里是一个计算机语言的列表趋势，各位程序员可以参考一下：

  转自：     http://www.tiobe.com/index.htm?tiobe_index
       从中不难看出，Java、C是两种很厉害的语言；C++在走下坡路；Ruby和Pthoy语言正在飞速上升中。

    TIOBE Programming Community Index for May 2007

    May Headline: Ruby's growth comes to an end

The TIOBE Programming Community index gives an indication of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the world-wide availability of skilled engineers, courses and third party vendors. The popular search engines Google, MSN, and Yahoo! are used to calculate the ratings. Observe that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.

The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.

Position May 2007	Position May 2006	Delta in Position	Programming Language	Ratings May 2007	Delta May 2006	Status
1	1		Java	19.140%	-2.18%	A
2	2		C	15.152%	-2.54%	A
3	3		C++	10.114%	-0.82%	A
4	4		PHP	8.738%	-1.48%	A
5	5		(Visual) Basic	8.431%	-1.13%	A
6	6		Perl	6.152%	+0.10%	A
7	8		Python	3.779%	+0.74%	A
8	7		C#	3.656%	+0.38%	A
9	9		JavaScript	3.072%	+0.88%	A
10	19		Ruby	2.632%	+2.18%	A
11	10		Delphi	2.130%	+0.36%	A
12	11		SAS	2.076%	+0.60%	A
13	12		PL/SQL	1.979%	+0.97%	A
14	18		D	1.347%	+0.87%	A
15	21		ABAP	0.731%	+0.31%	A
16	14		Lisp/Scheme	0.698%	-0.19%	B
17	17		Ada	0.679%	+0.19%	B
18	13		FoxPro/xBase	0.637%	-0.37%	B
19	20		Fortran	0.630%	+0.20%	B
20	15		COBOL	0.627%	-0.04%	B

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Long term trends

The long term trends for the first 10 programming languages can be found in the line diagram below.

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Other programming languages

The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at tpci@tiobe.com.

Position	Programming Language	Ratings
21	Transact-SQL	0.595%
22	Pascal	0.544%
23	Lua	0.517%
24	ActionScript	0.457%
25	Awk	0.414%
26	Tcl/Tk	0.404%
27	Prolog	0.378%
28	MATLAB	0.373%
29	Logo	0.312%
30	IDL	0.311%
31	Bash	0.285%
32	ColdFusion	0.278%
33	RPG	0.240%
34	LabView	0.223%
35	Smalltalk	0.161%
36	Forth	0.149%
37	ML	0.145%
38	CL	0.142%
39	Haskell	0.132%
40	APL	0.130%
41	VBScript	0.127%
42	Natural	0.118%
43	PL/I	0.118%
44	Icon	0.113%
45	Lingo	0.113%
46	S-lang	0.109%
47	Objective-C	0.106%
48	OCaml	0.103%
49	REXX	0.102%
50	Mathematica	0.090%

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The Next 50 Programming Languages

The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).

• ABC, Applescript, AspectJ, Beta, Boo, cg, Ch, Clarion, Clean, Csh, cT, DC, Dylan, Eiffel, Erlang, Euphoria, F#, Felix, Focus, Fortress, Groovy, Inform, Intercal, Io, Limbo, LotusScript, MAD, Magic, Maple, Modula-2, MOO, MUMPS, Occam, Oz, PILOT, Postscript, Powerbuilder, Progress, Q, R, REALbasic, Scala, Seed7, SIGNAL, Simula, SPSS, Verilog, VHDL, XSLT, Yorick

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May Newsflash - Brought to you by Paul Jansen

• It seems as if the rapid growth of Ruby has come to an end. If this is indeed the case, then also Ruby does not become the "next big programming language". Java, C and C++ have been dominating the TIOBE index from the start and it seems as if they will keep this status for a long while. Possible new candidates are Lua (from 55 to 23 in 1 years time) and Groovy (from 103 to 52). These are, just like Ruby, lightweight scripting languages. I have the impression there is a maximum to such dynamically interpreted languages. Although very popular in web-based programming, statically compiled languages remain the core of all enterprise software systems. Based on this, I predict that the only candidate to change the top 3 is C#. This will not be achieved via hypes and vast jumps in the index but very gradually.

• Several persons asked why the programming language "R" is not part of the TIOBE index. The problem so far was that there were too many false positives. Now that we have added the keyword "statistical" to it, it has a reliable rating. R is currently at position 60. Thanks to Amittai Aviram and others for notifying me.

• After a discussion with Paul King, the Java and Ruby groupings have been cleaned up.

• In the tables below some long term trends are listed about categories of languages. The tables show that dynamically typed object-oriented languages are still becoming more popular.
  
  

  Category	Ratings May 2007	Delta May 2006
  Object-Oriented Languages	52.7%	+1.8%
  Procedural Languages	44.5%	-2.6%
  Logical Languages	2.1%	+1.0%
  Functional Languages	0.7%	-0.2%

  
  
  

  Category	Ratings May 2007	Delta May 2006
  Statically Typed Languages	57.1%	-3.2%
  Dynamically Typed Languages	42.9%	+3.2%

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Frequently Asked Questions

• Q: What definition of programming languages has been used?
  
  

  A: A language is considered a programming language if it is Turing complete. As a consequence, HTML and XML are not considered programming languages. This also holds for data query language SQL. SQL is not a programming language because it is for instance impossible to write an infinite loop in it. On the other hand, SQL extensions PL/SQL and Transact-SQL are programming languages. ASP and ASP.NET are also no programming languages because these are techniques that makes use of other languages such as JavaScript and VBScript or .NET compatible languages. The same is true for frameworks such as Rails, Cocoa, and AJAX. Finally, we have also excluded assembly languages, although Turing complete, because they have a very different nature.

• Q: How are dialects of languages grouped?

  A: Some languages are grouped together because they are very similar to each other. An example is the language entry Basic which covers Visual Basic, QBasic, Microsoft Basic, etc. VB.NET has been added as well to the Visual Basic entry because it is often referred to as Visual Basic. The ratings for a collection of languages is calculated by taking the maximum of all individual entries (not its sum!).

• Q: Am I allowed to show the TIOBE index in my weblog/presentation/publication?

  A: This is OK provided that you refer to its original source: www.tiobe.com.

• Q: I would like to have the complete data set of the TIOBE index. Is this possible?

  A: We spent a lot of effort to obtain all data and keep the TIOBE index up to date. In order to compensate a bit for this, we ask a fee of 1,500 US$ for the complete data set. This might seem a lot of money but it is considered strategic data. The data set runs from June 2001 till today. It started with 25 languages back in 2001, and now measures more than 150 languages at least 10 times per month. The data is availabe in comma separated format. Part of the deal is that new data will be send to you for 1 extra year. Please contact sales@tiobe.com for more information.

• Q: What happened to Java in April 2004? Did you change your methodology?

  A: No, we did not change our methodology at that time. Google changed its methodology. They performed a general sweep action to get rid of all kinds of web sites that had been pushed up. As a consequence, there was a huge drop for languages such as Java and C++. In order to minimize such fluctuations in the future, we added two more search engines (MSN and Yahoo) a few months after this incident.

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